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Archive » September 2024 » Reversing the pyramid: education against the demographic decline

Reversing the pyramid: education against the demographic decline

Pietro Galeone, Daniel Gros
September 2024 - n. 9
Keywords: Declino demografico, istruzione, risorse umane
Jel codes: J10, J24

The aging of the population in Italy, due to the increase in life expectancy and the decline in births, poses numerous problems for the tax, social security and health system. To illustrate this imbalance, we often look to the traditional «pyramids» of the population, whose triangular shape is guaranteed if the younger segment of the population is larger than the older one. In recent years, the shape has become more and more rectangular, with a narrowing of the base and an enlargement of the tip. But these rectangular pyramids, or even inverted triangles, do not consider the quality of the workforce. A high level of education is associated with higher productivity and higher employment rates. In this article, we show how this can mitigate demographic risks and, in addition, we explore the effect of gender differences in the analysis of aging.

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